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Corporate Tax Rate Report

3:36 AM

Posted by: John S Kiernan

Concerns over the proper role of taxation lie at the very foundation of American history. They haven’t gone away, either. In fact, overhauling the tax code is a top priority for the Trump administration, fueling partisan discussions of economic patriotism and debates over whether Main Street or top earners should foot more or less of the bill.

With President Donald Trump’s tax plan calling to slash the corporate income tax from 35 percent to 20 percent, WalletHub analyzed annual reports for the S&P 100 — the largest and most established companies on the stock market — in order to determine the federal, state and international tax rates they paid in 2016. You can find the results, our detailed methodology and additional expert commentary below.

  1. Main Findings
  2. Corporate Tax Rates
  3. Ask the Experts: Should Corporations Pay Less than Consumers?
  4. Historical S&P 100 Tax Rates
  5. Methodology

Main Findings
  • The overall tax rate that S&P 100 companies pay, around 27 percent, is basically unchanged since 2015.
  • S&P 100 companies pay roughly 30 percent lower rates on international taxes than U.S. taxes.
  • Tech companies, including Facebook Inc., Alphabet Inc. and Verizon Communications Inc., are still paying more than 15 percent lower rates abroad, continuing the trend from 2013, 2014 and 2015.
  • Only two S&P 100 companies are actually paying a negative overall tax rate and are therefore due a discrete net tax benefit: General Electric Co. and Exxon Mobil Corp.
  • Among the remaining companies that owe taxes, Dow Chemical Co., International Business Machines Corp., Mondelez International Inc., Boeing Co. and Pfizer Inc. pay the lowest rates.
  • The average S&P 100 company pays an 12 percent higher tax rate than the top 3 percent of consumers.

 

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Note: For visual purposes, we excluded the companies with the 5 highest and lowest effective tax rates.  

Corporate Tax Rates
Company Name Stock Symbol 2016 Overall Tax Rate 2016 State Tax Rate 2016 Federal Tax Rate 2016 U.S Tax Rate 2016 International Tax Rate 2016 Actual Taxes Paid Rate
Average* - 26.58% 3.25% 28.80% 31.66% 22.23% 22.95%
3M Co. MMM 28.29% 1.92% 27.23% 29.16% 26.87% 26.77%
Abbott Laboratories ABT 24.77% N/A N/A -24.84% 38.48% 43.88%
AbbVie Inc. ABBV 24.49% negative income negative income negative income 5.18% 45.19%
Accenture PLC ACN 22.38% 3.75% 30.80% 34.55% 19.58% 25.44%
Allergan PLC AGN negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income
Alphabet Inc. GOOG 19.35% 2.55% 28.70% 31.25% 7.55% 12.99%
Altria Group Inc. MO 34.82% 1.87% 32.90% 34.78% negative income 21.34%
Amazon.com Inc. AMZN 36.61% 3.89% 27.51% 31.40% negative income 4.55%
American Express Co. AXP 33.20% 3.22% 26.02% 29.24% negative income 37.06%
American International Group Inc. AIG negative income N/A N/A -12.49% negative income negative income
Amgen Inc. AMGN 15.73% -0.09% 30.28% 30.19% 1.90% 12.00%
Apple Inc. AAPL 25.56% 4.20% 62.62% 66.83% 5.20% 17.02%
AT&T Inc. T 32.70% 2.97% 28.89% 31.86% negative income 18.78%
Bank of America Corp. BAC 28.81% -0.71% 25.72% 25.02% 59.88% 6.49%
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. BRK-A 27.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A 14.02%
Biogen Idec Inc. BIIB 25.08% 1.40% 32.25% 33.65% 0.57% 33.29%
BlackRock Inc. BLK 28.91% 2.64% 31.34% 33.98% 20.06% 30.59%
Boeing Co. BA 12.09% -0.60% 11.11% 10.51% 32.82% N/A
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. BMY 23.80% N/A N/A 33.65% 12.97% N/A
Capital One Financial Corp. COF 31.25% 2.81% 28.21% 31.02% 35.54% 38.68%
Caterpillar Inc. CAT 138.13% negative income negative income negative income 27.83% N/A
Celgene Corp. CELG 15.73% N/A N/A 36.61% 6.37% 15.72%
Chevron Corp. CVX negative income negative income negative income negative income 27.26% negative income
Cisco Systems Inc. CSCO 16.88% 3.13% 26.56% 29.69% 13.16% 20.70%
Citigroup Inc. C 30.00% 5.16% 23.25% 28.41% 31.36% 20.30%
Colgate-Palmolive Co. CL 30.82% N/A N/A 33.17% 29.72% 24.93%
Comcast Corp. CMCSA 36.98% 4.70% 32.50% 37.21% 33.52% 25.73%
ConocoPhillips COP negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income
Costco Wholesale Corp. COST 34.35% 4.92% 26.74% 31.66% 41.42% 26.33%
CVS Health Corp. CVS 38.40% N/A N/A N/A N/A 35.43%
Danaher Corp. DHR 17.54% 3.01% -0.05% 2.96% 22.34% N/A
Dow Chemical Co. DOW 0.20% 2.27% -240.00% -237.73% 29.58% 36.08%
Duke Energy Corp. DUK 30.64% 2.76% 28.84% 31.61% 4.44% 6.13%
DuPont Co. DD 22.79% -1.24% 4.60% 3.36% 38.44% 22.51%
Eli Lilly and Co. LLY 18.86% -5.05% 19.48% 14.43% 29.20% 20.76%
Emerson Electric Co. EMR 30.09% 1.14% 30.18% 31.33% 28.49% 41.02%
Exelon Corp. EXC 38.26% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Exxon Mobil Corp. XOM -5.09% negative income negative income negative income 19.09% 52.88%
Facebook Inc. FB 18.38% 2.53% 30.94% 33.46% 2.76% 9.67%
FedEx Corp. FDX 33.58% 2.94% 36.40% 39.35% 21.88% 36.35%
Ford Motor Co. F 32.21% 4.50% 22.81% 27.31% 49.08% 10.89%
General Dynamics Corp. GD 27.63% 1.04% 27.87% 28.92% 19.73% 22.67%
General Electric Co GE -5.14% -1.54% -158.51% -160.05% 43.12% 28.93%
General Motors Co. GM 25.70% 2.92% 13.93% 16.85% 198.04% 8.05%
Gilead Sciences Inc. GILD 21.11% 2.08% 42.72% 44.79% 1.95% 14.25%
Halliburton Co. HAL negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income negative income
Honeywell International Inc. HON 24.83% 3.83% 30.48% 34.31% 16.71% 17.71%
Intel Corp. INTC 20.25% N/A 28.42% N/A N/A 6.78%
International Business Machines Corp. IBM 3.64% 5.48% -15.34% -9.86% 9.32% 8.74%
Johnson & Johnson JNJ 16.48% N/A N/A 29.37% 8.69% 14.36%
JPMorgan Chase & Co. JPM 28.38% 4.74% 25.71% 30.45% 21.40% 3.05%
Kinder Morgan Inc. KMI 55.98% 1.57% 57.98% 59.55% 25.58% 0.24%
Lockheed Martin Corp. LMT 23.19% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Lowe's Cos. LOW 40.53% N/A N/A N/A N/A 42.63%
Mastercard Inc. MA 28.11% 0.91% 28.59% 29.50% 25.39% 27.97%
McDonald's Corp. MCD 31.74% 6.57% 44.89% 51.47% 23.29% 34.77%
Medtronic Inc. MDT 18.40% N/A N/A 112.01% 10.62% 31.80%
Merck & Co. MRK 15.41% 22.39% -17.18% 5.21% 16.69% N/A
MetLife Inc. MET negative income negative income negative income negative income 26.04% negative income
Microsoft Corp. MSFT 14.95% negative income negative income negative income N/A 19.75%
Mondelez International Inc. MDLZ 8.87% negative income negative income negative income 11.00% 36.24%
Monsanto Co. MON 34.91% 2.47% 19.49% 21.96% 70.22% 42.24%
Morgan Stanley MS 30.81% 5.18% 29.26% 34.44% 24.25% 2.27%
NextEra Energy Inc. NEE 31.52% N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.07%
Nike Inc. NKE 18.67% 5.75% 25.84% 31.59% 15.30% 16.18%
Occidental Petroleum Corp. OXY negative income negative income negative income negative income 61.61% negative income
Oracle Corp. ORCL 22.21% 6.20% 29.21% 35.41% 15.02% 20.37%
PayPal Holdings Inc. PYPL 14.10% negative income negative income negative income 5.68% 2.94%
PepsiCo Inc. PEP 25.42% 2.09% 50.49% 52.59% 13.35% 16.29%
Pfizer Inc. PFE 13.45% negative income negative income negative income 8.04% 30.19%
Philip Morris International Inc. PM 27.89% N/A N/A N/A 25.33% N/A
Qualcomm Inc. QCOM 16.55% 0.33% -5.94% -5.61% 34.23% N/A
Raytheon Co. RTN 28.28% -0.07% 27.83% 27.77% 43.14% N/A
Schlumberger Ltd. SLB negative income negative income negative income negative income 49.83% negative income
Simon Property Group Inc. SPG N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Starbucks Corp. SBUX 32.86% 5.63% 30.90% 36.53% 16.86% 20.93%
Target Corp. TGT 32.69% 4.46% 31.11% 35.57% 1.49% 38.18%
Texas Instruments Inc. TXN 27.08% 0.25% 29.52% 29.77% 16.17% N/A
The Allstate Corp. ALL 31.84% N/A N/A N/A N/A 13.04%
The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. BK 24.91% 3.69% 23.77% 27.45% 19.84% 21.38%
The Coca-Cola Co. KO 19.49% 19.47% 273.45% 292.92% 15.64% N/A
The Goldman Sachs Group Inc. GS 28.20% 2.99% 22.53% 25.52% 31.60% 15.53%
The Home Depot Inc. HD 36.30% 4.11% 32.57% 36.68% 31.53% 37.01%
The Kraft Heinz Co. KHC 27.49% 0.48% 33.53% 34.01% 14.35% 32.23%
The Priceline Group Inc. PCLN 21.31% negative income negative income negative income 16.58% 23.46%
The Procter & Gamble Co. PG 25.00% N/A 19.41% 21.96% 30.82% 27.90%
The Southern Co. SO 27.33% N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.33%
The Walt Disney Co. DIS 34.15% 1.81% 30.80% 32.62% 59.53% 27.80%
Time Warner Inc. TWX 24.66% 0.73% 20.87% 21.60% 40.52% 18.00%
Twenty-First Century Fox FOX 27.20% N/A N/A N/A N/A 20.22%
U.S. Bancorp USB 26.66% N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.34%
Union Pacific Corp. UNP 37.44% N/A N/A N/A N/A 19.91%
United Parcel Service Inc. UPS 33.20% 2.27% 33.34% 35.61% 20.39% 40.19%
United Technologies Corp. UTX 23.79% 4.46% 13.73% 18.19% 26.88% 57.42%
UnitedHealth Group Inc. UNH 40.38% N/A N/A N/A N/A 39.84%
Verizon Communications Inc. VZ 35.16% 3.56% 32.51% 36.08% 15.55% N/A
Visa Inc. V 25.22% 2.02% 29.83% 31.85% 7.41% 35.47%
Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. WBA 19.38% 2.41% 31.66% 34.07% 4.64% 21.38%
Wal-Mart Stores Inc. WMT 30.27% 3.48% 28.75% 32.23% 23.87% 21.99%
Wells Fargo & Co. WFC 31.37% 5.69% 27.62% 33.31% 7.25% 26.30%

*Averages reflect rates for S&P 100 companies, minus those with negative income before income taxes, those with no available data, and the five highest/lowest rates in each category.

 

Corporate Tax Rates

The table below shows the federal tax rates at different income levels and how they contrast with actual tax rates paid by S&P 100 companies.

Taxable Income ($) Tax Rate
$0 to $50,000 15%
$50,000 to $75,000 $7,500 + 25% Of the amount over $50,000
$75,000 to $100,000 $13,750 + 34% Of the amount over $75,000
$100,000 to $335,000 $22,250 + 39% Of the amount over $100,000
$335,000 to $10,000,000 $113,900 + 34% Of the amount over $335,000
$10,000,000 to $15,000,000 $3,400,000 + 35% Of the amount over $10,000,000
$15,000,000 to $18,333,333 $5,150,000 + 38% Of the amount over $15,000,000
$18,333,333 and up 35%
Effective Federal Tax Rate of S&P 100 Companies in 2016 28%

 

Ask the Experts: Should Corporations Pay Less than Consumers?

For insight into the country’s current corporate tax system as well as its potential fixes, we turned to experts in the fields of accounting and tax law for their thoughts on the following key questions:

  1. What is your assessment of the Trump administration’s corporate tax reform plan? What reforms do you think will ultimately be adopted?
  2. Is the U.S. leaving money on the table with the current corporate tax structure?
  3. What would you change about the way U.S. corporations are taxed?
  4. Do you consider tax-inversion deals to be unpatriotic?
  5. What should the relationship be between corporate and consumer taxes?
< > W. Eugene Seago Curling Professor of Accounting in the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University W. Eugene Seago Is the U.S. leaving money on the table with the current corporate tax structure? Yes, changes are needed to tax at least a portion of the income in foreign subsidiaries. What would you change about the way U.S. corporations are taxed? I would allow corporations a deduction for dividends paid, and tax the dividends at ordinary rates. I would tax income of foreign subsidiaries as it is earned, but at a lower rate. Do you consider tax inversion deals to be unpatriotic? It is unpatriotic and should be done only if necessary for the corporation to survive. What should the relationship be between corporate and consumer taxes? Ideally, the corporate tax burden is borne by the investors and consumer taxes are borne by the consumer. Investors are typically wealthier and have more income than consumers in general; therefore, taxing the corporation rather than the consumer should result in a more progressive tax system. Gerardo Pérez Cavazos Assistant Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School Gerardo Pérez Cavazos Is the U.S. leaving money on the table with the current corporate tax structure? In the short term, the U.S. government would be able to raise tax collections by increasing the tax rate or closing legal loopholes that allow corporations to pay fewer taxes. However, we don’t live in a static world. The new tax changes will cause corporations to change the manner in which they operate, because increasing the tax rate would make U.S. corporations less competitive. Following a tax increase, two realistic scenarios are that firms (1) reduce investment, or (2) relocate their operations to foreign countries that have more competitive tax rates. These “unintended consequences” would lead the new tax collection efforts to be stifled, in addition to adversely affecting corporations. In sum, while the U.S. taxation system is not optimized such that there is no money left on the table, the path to achieving that outcome is far from clear. For instance, it might require lowering the corporate tax rates with the expectation of creating a more competitive environment for businesses. This in turn could lead to higher profits and more tax dollars in aggregate. What would you change about the way U.S. corporations are taxed? As a general principle, I would recommend moving towards less complexity, because minimizing corporate taxes is a zero-sum game. Tax minimization does not create value for society; it just allows shareholders to avoid transferring wealth to the government. Consequently, even though resources invested in tax avoidance strategies make sense from the firms’ perspective, they destroy social value. Simplifying tax laws can allow resources to be better allocated to corporate activities that create value such as product development. An example of a law change that would simplify corporate tax regulation is to move from a worldwide taxation system to a territorial system. The U.S. is one of the few countries in the world that taxes corporations at the U.S. tax rate regardless of where the companies generate the income. This rule places U.S. corporations at a severe disadvantage when they operate in countries with lower tax rates. To mitigate this, the law allows firms to defer tax payments by keeping the earnings in foreign jurisdictions and classifying them as permanently reinvested earnings. As a result, many firms do this to reduce their tax liabilities and remain competitive with respect to other global players. Thus, this regulation does not increase tax collections in many cases, but imposes a costly restriction on firms by preventing them from using their capital in the most efficient manner. Do you consider tax inversion deals to be unpatriotic? Tax inversions are not unpatriotic. Corporate executives have a duty to maximize shareholder value while following the law. Therefore, reducing domestic taxes is simply a business decision. To illustrate this point, let’s consider the following hypothetical scenario: Bank of America unilaterally decides to give a monthly $20 donation to the IRS from every savings account in the bank, with an option for each depositor to opt out. If a person opted out of this donation, would you consider him unpatriotic? Most likely not. So why do we have a double standard for corporations? Executives fail on their duty to maximize shareholder value if they forego legal strategies that could save shareholders from “donating” their money to the government. I would argue that rather than focusing on the normative aspect of whether tax inversions are patriotic or unpatriotic, the debate should focus on the reasons behind managers’ choices to invert and whether there are alternatives that can increase what is known in economics as social welfare. Luke Watson Assistant Professor of Accounting in the Warrington College of Business Administration at University of Florida Luke Watson Is the U.S. leaving money on the table with the current corporate tax structure? Yes, but some of that is strategic. By offering certain tax exemptions, deductions, and credits, the U.S. government intentionally incentivizes certain economic activity. So while these items reduce government tax revenues, their help might achieve social and economic goals. Now, there is plenty of tax planning that corporations undertake with less noble aims, of course. What would you change about the way U.S. corporations are taxed? I have two main concerns in the U.S. corporate tax context. First is the statutory corporate tax rate, which at 35% is the highest among developed countries. The high rate incentivizes corporations to shift taxable economic activity outside of the United States. Second is the worldwide tax system, meaning that the U.S. taxes U.S.-domiciled corporations on their worldwide income, regardless of where it is earned. The important asterisk to the worldwide system is the deferral option, which allows corporations to avoid recognition of U.S. tax on foreign earnings for both financial statement and tax return purposes if they promise to leave their foreign income abroad. But deferral “locks” that cash out of the U.S. by requiring companies to pay repatriation tax if they bring foreign earnings back to the United States (most companies are reluctant to pay this tax). Deferral is almost ubiquitous as a tool U.S. corporations use to keep their effective tax rates down. So we have many companies avoiding the high U.S. statutory corporate tax rate by shifting income out of the U.S. and keeping it abroad. I would favor a lower statutory rate in combination with a territorial tax system. The lower rate would produce much less incentive to shift income abroad, and the territorial system would allow firms to bring their foreign earnings back to the United States with the aim of spurring domestic investment without incurring a tax cost to do so. Do you consider tax inversion deals to be unpatriotic? Inverting corporations claim that inversion will offer them relief from U.S. taxes on their foreign earnings. In a new study that I coauthored with Stephen Lusch (University of Kansas) and Jim Seida (University of Notre Dame), we found that deferral already offers that kind of tax relief for U.S.-domiciled corporations to the extent that there is no detectable U.S. tax savings on foreign earnings that results from inversion. We found that the actual tax benefits of inversion occurred through reductions in U.S. tax on U.S. earnings, and through reductions in foreign tax on foreign earnings. These findings are consistent with inverting companies using earnings stripping to shift taxable income from high-tax jurisdictions like the U.S. into lower-tax jurisdictions such as their post-inversion tax domicile (which, in the context of our study, was typically a tax haven such as Bermuda or the Cayman Islands). However, we also find that inverted companies underperform their competitors in both pretax and aftertax return on assets, suggesting that nontax costs overcome the tax benefits of inversion. Anup Srivastava Assistant Professor of Business Administration in the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College Anup Srivastava Is the U.S. leaving money on the table with the current corporate tax structure? Yes. What would you change about the way U.S. corporations are taxed? Simplify tax structure, reduce exemptions and loopholes. Do you consider tax inversion deals to be unpatriotic? No, as long as in the legal framework. What should the relationship be between corporate and consumer taxes? Shift the burden of taxes more to consumers. Historical S&P 100 Tax Rates
Company Name Stock Symbol 2015 Overall Tax Rate 2015 State Tax Rate 2015 Federal Tax Rate 2015 International Tax Rate 2014 Overall Tax Rate 2014 State Tax Rate 2014 Federal Tax Rate 2014 International Tax Rate 2013 Overall Tax Rate 2013 State Tax Rate 2013 Federal Tax Rate 2013 International Tax Rate 2012 Overall Tax Rate 2012 State Tax Rate 2012 Federal Tax Rate 2012 International Tax Rate
Average - 27.82% 3.37% 31.30% 20.26% 28.4% 3.3% 28.6% 24.8% 28.3% 3.8% 29.5% 25.0% 26.9% 3.1% 29.2% 23.1%
3M MMM 29.05% 29.17% 2.43% 24.42% 28.9% 24.4% 2.6% 31.0% 28.1% 2.8% 25.8% 27.5% 29.0% 2.9% 25.5% 29.4%
Abbott Laboratories ABT 18.13% N/A N/A 8.35% 31.7% N/A N/A 22.2% 5.5% NA NA 21.6% -89.8% neg income neg income 17.5%
Abbvie ABBV 22.59% neg income neg income 4.22% 25.1% neg income neg income 4.7% neg income neg income neg income neg income 7.9% NA NA 5.2%
Accenture ACN 25.77% 39.57% 4.61% 17.90% 26.1% 37.9% 4.4% 20.4% 18.1% 0.4% 13.6% 19.4% 27.6% 5.9% 37.3% 23.9%
Allergan AGN neg income neg income neg income neg income neg income neg income neg income neg income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Allstate ALL 33.85% N/A N/A N/A 32.7% N/A N/A N/A 32.9% NA NA NA 30.2% NA NA NA
Altria Group MO 35.10% 29.41% 5.68% N/A 34.8% 28.7% 6.1% N/A 34.7% 6.0% 28.7% NA 35.4% 5.2% 30.2% 31.3%
Amazon.com AMZN 60.59% 31.47% 3.02% neg income neg income 30.5% 18.5% neg income 31.8% NA NA neg income 78.7% NA NA neg income
American Electric Power AEP N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 31.5% NA NA NA 32.4% -2.3% 34.6% NA
American Express AXP 34.96% 26.02% 4.12% neg income 34.5% 28.1% 3.4% 258.2% 32.1% 3.8% 24.0% 188.5% 30.5% 3.5% 20.7% neg income
American International Group AIG 32.28% N/A N/A 22.24% 27.9% N/A N/A 27.9% 3.8% NA NA 8.1% -27.9% neg income neg income 5.4%
Amgen AMGN 13.02% 21.63% -0.98% 5.80% 7.6% 15.4% 3.6% 3.5% 3.5% 2.9% -2.0% 4.6% 13.3% 0.2% 30.5% 4.2%
Andarko Petroleum APC neg income neg income neg income neg income 2994.4% neg income neg income 49.4% 55.3% 7.7% 48.4% 55.1% 31.4% 106.1% 11.4% 28.1%
Apache APA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 45.7% 3.7% 40.3% 46.4% 59.0% 0.6% 27.8% 74.0%
Apple AAPL 26.37% 60.76% 4.19% 6.17% 26.1% 59.4% 3.4% 4.4% 26.2% 3.9% 57.0% 3.7% 25.2% 5.6% 64.6% 1.9%
At&T T 33.85% 29.39% 3.45% neg income 34.6% N/A N/A N/A 33.2% NA NA NA 27.8% NA 25.9% NA
Bank Of America BAC 28.28% 21.73% 3.62% 58.72% 29.5% 22.1% 9.2% 25.8% 29.3% 5.2% 16.9% 61.4% -36.3% 28.8% -159.3% 109.7%
Baxter Intl BAX N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 21.1% 5.2% 33.4% 17.4% 19.5% -6.7% 60.6% 14.2%
Berkshire Hathaway BRK.B 30.14% N/A N/A N/A 28.2% N/A N/A N/A 31.1% NA NA NA 31.1% NA NA NA
Biogen BIIB 24.37% 32.02% 1.08% 2.93% 25.1% 34.4% 1.7% 4.8% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Boeing BA 27.66% 26.44% 0.70% 38.53% 23.7% 22.0% 0.9% 40.6% 26.4% 1.3% 24.4% 40.9% 34.0% 1.8% 33.0% 14.8%
Bristol Myers Squibb BMY 21.47% neg income neg income 14.77% 14.8% neg income neg income 15.4% neg income neg income neg income neg income -6.9% neg income neg income 14.4%
Capital One Financial COF 31.78% 29.02% 3.00% 27.08% 32.7% 29.6% 3.6% 25.3% 31.6% 4.0% 27.9% 25.9% 25.8% 1.5% 24.7% 20.9%
Caterpillar CAT 25.99% 9.96% 9.96% 26.55% 27.1% 27.1% 1.3% 26.3% 25.7% 1.8% 25.1% 25.0% 30.7% 1.6% 31.9% 28.0%
Celgene CELG 20.83% N/A N/A 4.43% 14.1% N/A N/A 3.2% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Chevron CVX 2.73% neg income neg income 23.64% 38.1% 33.0% 5.9% 37.9% 39.8% 4.2% 24.5% 41.5% 43.2% 6.0% 28.1% 45.2%
Cisco Systems CSCO 19.82% 45.55% 3.08% 6.34% 19.2% 47.1% 4.1% 6.6% 11.1% 3.5% 20.3% 4.8% 20.8% 2.0% 48.4% 7.0%
Citigroup C 29.97% 28.69% 1.23% 30.03% 47.8% 55.5% 20.1% 36.1% 30.1% 7.9% 35.8% 23.5% 0.1% neg income neg income 32.4%
Coca-Cola KO 23.31% 46.14% 6.33% 16.58% 23.6% 49.1% 3.8% 17.7% 24.8% 5.7% 41.5% 18.8% 23.1% 3.0% 43.6% 13.0%
Colgate-Palmolive CL 43.97% N/A N/A 102.01% 33.8% N/A N/A 69.4% 32.4% NA NA 66.0% 32.1% NA NA NA
Comcast CMCSA 37.08% 64.75% 10.04% 3.17% 31.1% 28.1% 2.9% 34.8% 35.8% 6.5% 29.3% 35.1% 32.3% 3.5% 28.3% 43.3%
ConocoPhillips COP neg income neg income neg income neg income 38.2% 23.9% -2.9% 43.8% 44.4% 2.4% 30.4% 50.6% 51.5% 6.3% 16.9% 61.6%
Costco Wholesale COST 33.16% 29.29% 5.13% 30.00% 34.7% 27.6% 4.8% 39.4% 32.4% 5.5% 28.4% 29.5% 36.1% 5.6% 33.3% 30.8%
Cvs Health CVS 39.30% N/A N/A N/A 39.5% N/A N/A N/A 38.9% NA NA NA 38.6% 6.2% 32.4% NA
Devon Energy DVN neg income neg income neg income neg income 58.3% 40.2% 2.5% neg income 113.4% 8.4% 42.0% 31.4% neg income neg income neg income neg income
Dow Chemical DOW 21.62% 17.71% 0.56% 25.47% 27.1% 17.0% 2.4% 30.6% 29.2% -0.8% 27.2% 33.1% 33.9% neg income neg income 30.8%
E I Du Pont De Nemours DD 26.86% 25.55% 0.79% 27.47% 27.4% 30.9% 0.6% 22.3% 17.9% -4.4% -3.4% 27.7% 19.9% -4.7% 2.5% 25.7%
eBAy EBAY N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 17.6% -4.4% 79.6% 5.7% 15.4% 6.4% 59.7% 3.0%
EMC EMC 24.64% 40.64% 0.55% 11.38% 23.1% 33.0% 0.6% 11.7% 20.0% 3.9% 34.2% 7.7% 24.1% 3.3% 37.5% 7.6%
Emerson Electric EMR 34.32% 32.01% 3.63% 31.21% 34.8% 29.2% 2.6% 39.7% 35.4% 3.6% 37.6% 28.5% 35.0% 3.3% 35.6% 30.1%
Exelon EXC 32.18% N/A N/A N/A 26.8% N/A N/A N/A 38.5% NA NA NA 34.9% NA NA NA
Exxon Mobil XOM 34.00% -793.20% -8.16% 30.04% 41.0% 25.9% -5.5% 38.0% 42.0% NA 9.8% 47.7% 39.4% NA 25.7% 40.7%
Facebook FB 40.46% 78.94% 5.92% 3.77% 40.1% 35.8% 2.4% neg income 45.5% 1.9% 35.2% neg income 89.3% 3.7% 36.4% neg income
FedEx FDX 35.46% 37.59% 6.44% 26.00% 36.5% 30.3% 4.3% 51.5% 36.4% 3.1% 27.4% neg income 35.3% 3.6% 29.7% 50.6%
Ford Motor F 28.10% 29.20% 4.99% 21.40% 37.7% 7.4% 5.6% neg income -2.5% -8.4% -3.4% neg income 28.8% -2.5% 31.3% 29.2%
Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold FCX N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.0% -2.4% 39.6% 37.5% 27.5% 1.6% 21.1% 34.6%
General Dynamics GD 27.72% 27.12% 1.02% 25.13% 29.7% 29.3% 0.8% 26.6% 31.1% 0.9% 29.7% 35.3% 161.4% -1.9% 98.0% neg income
General Electric GE 79.23% neg income neg income 55.87% 10.3% -2.3% -4.3% 18.0% 4.2% 4.7% -36.6% 26.1% 13.6% NA 3.3% 23.1%
General Motors GM -34.34% 17.98% 3.47% neg income 10.6% -35.9% 5.6% 157.4% 28.5% 29.3% 132.2% 18.2% neg income neg income neg income neg income
Gilead Sciences GILD 16.40% 40.93% 1.72% 1.17% 18.8% 39.4% 1.8% 0.7% 27.3% 1.2% 31.3% 3.5% 28.8% 1.3% 35.9% 3.0%
Goldman Sachs Group GS 30.70% 45.04% 1.49% 20.26% 31.4% 29.4% 8.6% 21.8% 31.5% 7.8% 35.3% 14.9% 33.3% 9.6% 34.1% 15.7%
Alphabet (Google) GOOG 16.81% 36.72% -5.32% 6.20% 19.3% 30.9% 1.9% 7.8% 15.7% 2.1% 24.3% 8.6% 19.4% 2.9% 37.9% 5.3%
Halliburton HAL neg income neg income neg income -59.94% 27.1% 29.0% 0.7% 22.3% 23.4% 4.4% 22.5% 21.3% 32.3% 2.1% 30.5% 31.4%
Hewlett-Packard HPQ N/A N/A N/A N/A 23.5% 23.0% 0.4% 23.6% 21.5% 8.6% -7.3% 35.0% neg income neg income neg income neg income
Home Depot HD 36.40% 31.83% 4.66% 35.26% 36.4% 32.7% 3.9% 34.0% 36.4% 4.5% 32.1% 34.6% 37.2% 4.5% 32.6% 38.4%
Honeywell International HON 26.40% 29.22% 3.78% 19.53% 25.6% 25.7% 3.1% 21.3% 26.8% 5.6% 27.4% 19.0% 24.4% 1.6% 31.5% 17.0%
Intel INTC 19.65% 22.34% N/A N/A 25.9% 26.9% N/A N/A 23.7% NA 24.7% NA 26.0% NA 26.6% NA
Intl Business Machines IBM 16.19% 3.92% 4.13% 20.99% 21.2% 16.5% 5.8% 20.5% 15.6% -2.1% 11.0% 19.2% 24.2% 4.4% 18.2% 25.4%
Johnson & Johnson JNJ 19.73% N/A N/A 9.10% 20.6% N/A N/A 14.9% 10.6% NA NA 11.6% 23.7% NA NA 14.9%
Jpmorgan Chase & Co JPM 20.39% 18.86% 3.29% 14.98% 27.0% 23.8% 5.6% 19.6% 30.8% 5.3% 33.5% 15.2% 26.4% 2.9% 21.9% 36.2%
Kinder Morgan KMI 73.06% 86.42% -1.80% 29.19% 21.0% 18.9% 1.7% 28.0% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Eli Lilly LLY 13.68% -2.98% 5.60% 19.63% 20.3% 14.3% 19.7% 16.9% 20.5% 3.4% 15.5% 22.9% 24.4% 2.2% 23.4% NA
Lockheed Martin LMT 28.23% N/A N/A N/A 31.3% N/A N/A N/A 29.0% NA NA NA 32.6% NA NA NA
Lowes Companies LOW 42.39% N/A N/A N/A 36.9% N/A N/A N/A 37.8% NA NA NA 37.6% 4.6% 31.9% neg income
Mastercard MA 23.19% 20.04% 1.24% 27.39% 28.8% 26.5% 1.3% 30.7% 30.8% 1.1% 33.2% 25.3% 29.8% 1.2% 30.8% 26.0%
McDonalds MCD 30.91% 41.54% 5.22% 20.51% 35.5% 38.9% 5.3% 30.5% 31.9% 5.8% 44.1% 22.0% 32.4% 6.8% 44.3% 22.0%
Medtronic MDT 23.26% N/A N/A 13.63% 17.3% N/A N/A 14.0% 18.4% NA NA 9.4% 17.6% NA NA 8.1%
Merck & Co MRK 17.44% 8.01% 3.60% 21.59% 30.9% 31.6% 0.9% 15.3% 18.5% -2.7% 17.0% 25.8% 27.9% 0.4% 46.6% 7.7%
Metlife MET 28.76% 34.33% N/A 22.89% 28.0% 25.5% 0.1% 33.2% 16.3% -0.8% -13.9% 29.1% 8.9% neg income neg income 13.5%
Microsoft MSFT 34.12% N/A N/A N/A 20.7% N/A N/A N/A 19.2% NA NA NA 23.8% 9.6% 139.7% NA
Mondelez International MDLZ 7.52% 106.98% 6.98% 6.94% 13.8% neg income neg income 15.6% neg income neg income neg income neg income 9.5% neg income neg income 19.1%
Monsanto MON 27.33% 27.92% 3.20% 19.93% 28.2% 28.3% 2.6% 23.4% 26.7% 2.2% 24.8% 26.0% 30.2% 3.3% 28.3% 27.5%
Morgan Stanley MS 25.90% 23.69% 3.49% 23.70% -2.5% -44.9% 11.3% 28.9% 18.4% 9.9% 9.0% 18.1% -45.6% neg income neg income 34.8%
National Oliwell Varco NOV N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.4% 3.1% 34.7% 24.2% 29.2% 2.6% 30.3% 25.1%
Nike NKE 22.16% 26.94% 3.51% 14.88% 24.0% 9.1% 3.3% 98.7% 24.7% 5.2% 35.1% 15.2% 25.0% 7.0% 30.0% 20.7%
Norfolk Southern NSC 36.28% N/A N/A N/A 36.2% N/A N/A N/A 35.6% NA NA NA 36.6% 3.7% 32.9% NA
Occidental Petroleum OXY neg income neg income neg income neg income 109.3% neg income neg income 81.0% 38.8% 1.9% 30.5% 45.4% 40.2% 2.3% 30.5% 43.0%
Oracle ORCL 22.57% 33.98% 5.14% 11.52% 20.1% 28.6% 4.4% 11.6% 21.4% 5.1% 23.3% 15.0% 23.0% 4.3% 29.9% 12.5%
PayPal PYPL 17.47% neg income neg income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pepsico PEP 26.08% 39.22% 2.47% 16.24% 25.1% 52.1% 3.0% 12.8% 23.7% 3.5% 38.3% 14.1% 25.2% 5.6% 32.9% 16.7%
Pfizer PFE 22.20% neg income neg income 10.57% 25.5% neg income neg income 12.8% neg income neg income neg income neg income 19.8% neg income neg income 16.4%
Philip Morris International PM 27.96% N/A N/A 27.32% 29.1% N/A N/A 28.1% 29.3% NA NA 27.3% 29.5% NA NA 28.2%
Procter & Gamble PG 24.62% 18.74% 0.68% 33.62% 21.1% 18.9% N/A 20.2% 23.2% NA 24.7% 16.9% 27.1% NA 26.3% NA
QUALCOMM QCOM 18.79% -2.54% 0.17% 36.92% 14.2% 4.4% 0.0% 19.8% 16.5% 0.6% 7.7% 23.6% 19.5% -0.4% 9.9% 31.1%
Raytheon RTN 26.30% 26.35% -0.08% 26.56% 26.5% 26.6% N/A 22.6% 29.3% NA 29.1% 33.8% 31.6% NA 31.4% 34.2%
Schlumberger SLB 25.89% neg income neg income 28.92% 25.2% 26.3% 2.1% 24.2% 21.3% 2.9% 30.1% 18.3% 24.4% 2.3% 29.9% 21.0%
Southern SO 32.90% N/A N/A N/A 32.5% N/A N/A N/A 33.2% NA NA NA 35.6% 3.9% 31.7% NA
Starbucks SBUX 29.30% 30.22% 5.43% 12.39% 34.6% 32.4% 5.0% 22.0% neg income neg income neg income neg income 32.8% 4.7% 30.7% 21.1%
Target TGT 32.54% 30.33% 4.73% N/A 33.0% 31.6% 3.7% 2.3% 36.5% 3.8% 32.1% 33.7% 34.9% 3.0% 32.4% neg income
Texas Instrument TXN 29.17% 32.26% 0.31% 18.24% 27.2% 31.2% 0.4% 17.2% 21.5% 0.3% 20.4% 22.5% 9.1% -0.6% -13.5% 13.7%
Bank Of New York Mellon BK 23.92% 24.65% 1.59% 19.84% 25.6% 24.5% 2.9% 21.6% 40.9% 3.9% 49.6% 19.0% 23.6% 5.2% 20.4% 20.5%
The Priceline Group PCLN 18.44% 55.20% 138.86% 16.40% 19.0% 59.1% 23.8% 16.7% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Time Warner TWX 30.32% 25.21% 3.17% 43.20% 16.8% 6.5% 0.9% 121.7% 33.0% 0.0% 27.6% 222.6% 34.3% 2.3% 23.8% 12066.7%
Twenty-First Century Fox FOXA 12.62% N/A N/A neg income 24.5% N/A N/A neg income 19.3% NA NA NA 24.5% NA NA NA
Union Pacific UNP 37.67% N/A N/A N/A 37.9% N/A N/A N/A 37.7% NA NA NA 37.5% 4.3% 33.2% NA
United Parcel Service UPS 34.02% 33.13% 2.41% 24.35% 34.6% 35.6% 2.4% 18.8% 34.5% 3.0% 32.1% 28.4% 17.1% -4.9% 7.8% 26.4%
United Technologies UTX 32.64% 37.38% 2.59% 27.11% 25.5% 17.7% 0.2% 32.5% 26.9% 2.5% 24.0% 27.3% 24.8% 4.6% 28.4% 19.8%
Unitedhealth UNH 42.64% N/A N/A N/A 41.8% N/A N/A N/A 36.4% NA NA NA 35.9% NA NA NA
Us Bancorp USB 26.11% N/A N/A N/A 26.1% N/A N/A N/A 26.2% NA NA NA 28.9% 4.4% 24.6% NA
Verizon Communications VZ 34.93% 32.03% 3.38% 13.14% 21.7% 20.1% 4.9% 3.2% 19.6% 3.2% 16.9% -11.5% -6.7% -3.1% -3.6% -6.0%
Visa V 29.65% 30.11% 2.34% 18.30% 29.6% 28.9% 3.4% 19.1% 31.4% 0.9% 32.9% 19.9% 2.9% -24.3% 9.7% 18.3%
Walgreen WAG N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 37.1% 3.8% 37.3% 4.1% 37.0% NA NA NA
Walgreen Boots Alliance WBA 19.88% 30.20% 3.85% N/A 42.9% 41.1% 3.1% 17.5% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Walmart Stores WMT 30.31% 29.12% 3.09% 23.90% 32.2% 31.0% 4.1% 23.5% 32.9% 3.9% 32.5% 19.9% 31.0% 3.2% 29.2% 26.9%
Walt Disney DIS 36.17% 33.25% 2.19% 45.16% 34.6% 29.4% 2.5% 70.6% 31.0% 1.8% 26.6% 68.2% 33.3% 2.8% 30.1% 36.5%
Wells Fargo WFC 30.81% 27.73% 4.53% 7.80% 30.4% 29.4% 2.3% 6.9% 31.9% 4.1% 29.2% 5.6% 32.0% 3.8% 29.4% 6.2%
BlackRock BLK 27.20% 32.54% 1.94% 15.44% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Methodology

In order to determine the tax rates paid by the S&P 100, we examined data from each company’s annual reports from fiscal years 2012 to 2016, identifying each organization’s revenues, tax payments and deferral amounts at the federal, state and international levels. This allowed us to determine their effective tax rates in each jurisdiction.

For simplicity, we considered companies for inclusion in the “highest & lowest” subrankings above only if they were actually profitable. Including companies that weren't profitable in a certain jurisdiction, for example, would lead to distortionary outliers.

For similar reasons, when calculating averages, we also excluded the five companies with the highest and lowest rates in each category.

 

Sources: Data used to compile this report were collected from the Internal Revenue Service, Quantria Strategies and corporate annual reports.



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