2019’s Most Diverse Cities in the U.S.
2:56 AMPosted by: Adam McCann
America is undergoing an extreme makeover, thanks to rapid demographic diversification. By 2050, many shifts will happen. For example, while non-Hispanic whites are expected to remain the largest ethnic group, they will no longer make up a majority of the population. But America’s transformation is more than skin-deep — it’s economic, too. Not only have waves of immigration changed the face of the nation, they’ve also brought in fresh perspectives, skills and technologies to help the U.S. develop a strong adaptability to change.
Economies generally fare better when they openly embrace and capitalize on new ideas. Conversely, those relying on old ways and specialized industries tend to be hurt more by changes in the market.
This article is the final installment in WalletHub’s diversity study series. It combines household diversity and religious diversity with our previous reports on socioeconomic diversity, cultural diversity and economic diversity. WalletHub tallied the scores across the five major diversity categories for 501 of the largest cities across 13 metrics. Read on for our findings, expert commentary from a panel of researchers and a full description of our methodology.
Main Findings Embed on your website<iframe src="//d2e70e9yced57e.cloudfront.net/wallethub/embed/12690/geochart-overalldiversity-2018.html" width="556" height="347" frameBorder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> <div style="width:556px;font-size:12px;color:#888;">Source: <a href="http://bit.ly/2WYEltS>Most Diverse Cities in America
| Rank | Large City Name (Score) | Rank | Midsize City Name (Score) | Rank | Small City Name (Score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Houston, TX (71.60) | 1 | Jersey City, NJ (71.52) | 1 | Gaithersburg, MD (71.23) |
| 2 | New York, NY (71.47) | 2 | Sandy Springs, GA (70.70) | 2 | Silver Spring, MD (71.06) |
| 3 | Dallas, TX (71.12) | 3 | Stamford, CT (70.57) | 3 | Germantown, MD (70.94) |
| 4 | Los Angeles, CA (70.93) | 4 | Aurora, IL (70.45) | 4 | Danbury, CT (70.77) |
| 5 | Arlington, TX (70.87) | 5 | Yonkers, NY (70.42) | 5 | Norwalk, CT (70.37) |
| 6 | Long Beach, CA (70.78) | 6 | Bridgeport, CT (70.17) | 6 | Clifton, NJ (70.34) |
| 7 | Chicago, IL (70.68) | 7 | Alexandria, VA (70.16) | 7 | New Rochelle, NY (70.33) |
| 8 | San Jose, CA (70.26) | 8 | Elgin, IL (69.62) | 8 | Roswell, GA (70.10) |
| 9 | San Diego, CA (70.19) | 9 | Kent, WA (69.28) | 9 | Brooklyn Park, MN (69.87) |
| 10 | Fort Worth, TX (69.88) | 10 | Kansas City, KS (69.07) | 10 | Rockville, MD (69.75) |
| 11 | Charlotte, NC (69.82) | 11 | Lowell, MA (68.97) | 11 | Johns Creek, GA (69.66) |
| 12 | Anaheim, CA (69.64) | 12 | Newark, NJ (68.92) | 12 | Waukegan, IL (69.30) |
| 13 | Fresno, CA (69.59) | 13 | Richmond, VA (68.60) | 13 | Bear, DE (69.24) |
| 14 | Sacramento, CA (69.59) | 14 | Orlando, FL (68.56) | 14 | Lynn, MA (69.21) |
| 15 | Oakland, CA (69.49) | 15 | Plano, TX (68.55) | 15 | Renton, WA (69.09) |
| 16 | Washington, DC (69.39) | 16 | Durham, NC (68.29) | 16 | Federal Way, WA (68.88) |
| 17 | Denver, CO (69.34) | 17 | Columbia, MD (68.27) | 17 | Hammond, IN (68.70) |
| 18 | St. Paul, MN (69.30) | 18 | Allentown, PA (68.17) | 18 | Hobbs, NM (68.66) |
| 19 | Austin, TX (69.20) | 19 | Elizabeth, NJ (68.11) | 19 | Clovis, NM (68.58) |
| 20 | Boston, MA (69.13) | 20 | Providence, RI (68.08) | 20 | Springdale, AR (68.54) |
| 21 | Oklahoma City, OK (68.83) | 21 | North Las Vegas, NV (67.86) | 21 | Frederick, MD (68.46) |
| 22 | Bakersfield, CA (68.75) | 22 | Columbus, GA (67.56) | 22 | New Britain, CT (68.45) |
| 23 | Nashville, TN (68.68) | 23 | Glendale, AZ (67.53) | 23 | Hilo, HI (68.33) |
| 24 | Honolulu, HI (68.46) | 24 | Spring Valley, NV (67.44) | 24 | Kahului, HI (68.27) |
| 25 | San Antonio, TX (68.42) | 25 | High Point, NC (67.43) | 25 | Kenner, LA (68.26) |
| 26 | Phoenix, AZ (68.40) | 26 | Waterbury, CT (67.38) | 26 | Santa Fe, NM (68.20) |
| 27 | Minneapolis, MN (68.28) | 27 | Hartford, CT (67.36) | 27 | Lancaster, PA (67.99) |
| 28 | Corpus Christi, TX (68.17) | 28 | Winston-Salem, NC (67.33) | 28 | Pawtucket, RI (67.80) |
| 29 | Raleigh, NC (68.15) | 29 | Worcester, MA (67.30) | 29 | Roswell, NM (67.53) |
| 30 | San Francisco, CA (68.05) | 30 | Enterprise, NV (67.24) | 30 | Trenton, NJ (67.45) |
| 31 | Albuquerque, NM (67.95) | 31 | Las Cruces, NM (67.23) | 31 | Grand Island, NE (67.36) |
| 32 | Jacksonville, FL (67.89) | 32 | Montgomery, AL (67.19) | 32 | Bethlehem, PA (67.18) |
| 33 | Tampa, FL (67.82) | 33 | Fort Lauderdale, FL (67.19) | 33 | Ewa Gentry, HI (67.16) |
| 34 | Tulsa, OK (67.75) | 34 | Norfolk, VA (67.16) | 34 | Brockton, MA (67.12) |
| 35 | Las Vegas, NV (67.37) | 35 | Little Rock, AR (67.05) | 35 | Mount Vernon, NY (67.05) |
| 36 | Aurora, CO (67.31) | 36 | Chandler, AZ (67.03) | 36 | Farmington, NM (67.04) |
| 37 | Atlanta, GA (67.29) | 37 | West Valley City, UT (67.00) | 37 | Yakima, WA (66.95) |
| 38 | Philadelphia, PA (67.14) | 38 | Rockford, IL (66.99) | 38 | Quincy, MA (66.91) |
| 39 | Milwaukee, WI (66.91) | 39 | Springfield, MA (66.97) | 39 | Harrisburg, PA (66.78) |
| 40 | Omaha, NE (66.90) | 40 | Greensboro, NC (66.87) | 40 | Rio Rancho, NM (66.76) |
| 41 | Kansas City, MO (66.81) | 41 | South Bend, IN (66.85) | 41 | Roanoke, VA (66.67) |
| 42 | Wichita, KS (66.78) | 42 | Tempe, AZ (66.82) | 42 | Bloomington, MN (66.63) |
| 43 | Tucson, AZ (66.77) | 43 | Paterson, NJ (66.77) | 43 | Lawton, OK (66.54) |
| 44 | Memphis, TN (66.28) | 44 | Paradise, NV (66.69) | 44 | Sioux City, IA (66.47) |
| 45 | Lexington, KY (65.70) | 45 | Baton Rouge, LA (66.65) | 45 | Kailua, HI (66.39) |
| 46 | Virginia Beach, VA (65.65) | 46 | Cary, NC (66.62) | 46 | Goose Creek, SC (66.38) |
| 47 | Mesa, AZ (65.63) | 47 | New Haven, CT (66.61) | 47 | Biloxi, MS (66.36) |
| 48 | Louisville, KY (65.59) | 48 | Savannah, GA (66.55) | 48 | Pearl City, HI (66.28) |
| 49 | Seattle, WA (65.51) | 49 | Grand Rapids, MI (66.43) | 49 | Fort Smith, AR (66.20) |
| 50 | Indianapolis, IN (65.31) | 49 | Joliet, IL (66.43) | 50 | Rogers, AR (66.19) |
| 51 | Baltimore, MD (65.27) | 51 | Bellevue, WA (66.41) | 51 | Hoover, AL (66.18) |
| 52 | Columbus, OH (65.19) | 52 | Fayetteville, NC (66.39) | 52 | Waipahu, HI (66.16) |
| 53 | New Orleans, LA (65.05) | 53 | Hampton, VA (66.27) | 53 | Sumter, SC (66.16) |
| 54 | El Paso, TX (64.97) | 53 | Peoria, IL (66.27) | 54 | Brookside, DE (66.13) |
| 55 | St. Louis, MO (64.58) | 55 | Sunrise Manor, NV (66.26) | 55 | Mililani Town, HI (66.05) |
| 56 | Miami, FL (64.26) | 56 | Anchorage, AK (66.19) | 56 | Kaneohe, HI (66.00) |
| 57 | Portland, OR (64.24) | 57 | Tallahassee, FL (66.16) | 57 | Bartlett, TN (65.93) |
| 58 | Pittsburgh, PA (64.17) | 58 | Lafayette, LA (66.12) | 58 | Midwest City, OK (65.73) |
| 59 | Cleveland, OH (63.79) | 59 | North Charleston, SC (66.11) | 59 | Lake Charles, LA (65.66) |
| 60 | Colorado Springs, CO (63.76) | 60 | Olathe, KS (66.10) | 60 | Ellicott City, MD (65.63) |
| 61 | Detroit, MI | 61 | Augusta, GA (66.07) | 61 | Bossier City, LA (65.63) |
| 62 | Columbia, SC (66.03) | 62 | New Bedford, MA (65.48) | ||
| 63 | Metairie, LA (65.88) | 63 | Glasgow, DE (65.42) | ||
| 64 | Salt Lake City, UT (65.85) | 64 | Rock Hill, SC (65.39) | ||
| 65 | Clarksville, TN (65.74) | 65 | Alamogordo, NM (65.37) | ||
| 66 | Syracuse, NY (65.64) | 66 | Edmond, OK (65.35) | ||
| 67 | Tacoma, WA (65.59) | 67 | Huron, SD (65.35) | ||
| 68 | Des Moines, IA (65.55) | 68 | West Hartford, CT (65.35) | ||
| 69 | Huntsville, AL (65.54) | 69 | Passaic, NJ (65.33) | ||
| 70 | Buffalo, NY (65.52) | 70 | East Honolulu, HI (65.31) | ||
| 71 | Naperville, IL (65.51) | 71 | Glen Burnie, MD (65.31) | ||
| 72 | Overland Park, KS (65.46) | 72 | Racine, WI (65.29) | ||
| 73 | Salem, OR (65.37) | 73 | Middletown, DE (65.28) | ||
| 74 | Newport News, VA (65.34) | 74 | North Little Rock, AR (65.27) | ||
| 75 | Gresham, OR (65.21) | 75 | Enid, OK (65.16) | ||
| 76 | Hillsboro, OR (65.18) | 76 | Smyrna, DE (65.10) | ||
| 77 | Fort Wayne, IN (65.08) | 77 | Cranston, RI (65.08) | ||
| 78 | Rochester, MN (65.03) | 78 | Gulfport, MS (65.08) | ||
| 79 | Chattanooga, TN (65.01) | 79 | Beaverton, OR (65.08) | ||
| 80 | Broken Arrow, OK (64.97) | 80 | Caldwell, ID (65.01) | ||
| 81 | Madison, WI (64.86) | 81 | Schenectady, NY (65.00) | ||
| 82 | Charleston, SC (64.85) | 82 | Portsmouth, VA (64.97) | ||
| 83 | Cambridge, MA (64.77) | 83 | Lenexa, KS (64.95) | ||
| 84 | Springfield, IL (64.75) | 84 | Albany, NY (64.92) | ||
| 85 | Chesapeake, VA (64.73) | 85 | Reading, PA (64.90) | ||
| 86 | Topeka, KS (64.71) | 86 | South Valley, NM (64.88) | ||
| 87 | Green Bay, WI (64.69) | 87 | Franklin, TN (64.87) | ||
| 88 | Reno, NV (64.68) | 88 | Summerville, SC (64.83) | ||
| 89 | Macon, GA (64.66) | 89 | Madison, AL (64.78) | ||
| 90 | Henderson, NV (64.63) | 90 | Nashua, NH (64.78) | ||
| 91 | Mobile, AL (64.61) | 91 | Greenville, SC (64.77) | ||
| 92 | Rochester, NY (64.52) | 92 | Waldorf, MD (64.76) | ||
| 93 | Cincinnati, OH (64.28) | 93 | Camden, NJ (64.76) | ||
| 94 | Pueblo, CO (64.27) | 94 | Woonsocket, RI (64.75) | ||
| 95 | Lakewood, CO (64.26) | 95 | Woodbury, MN (64.71) | ||
| 96 | St. Petersburg, FL (64.25) | 96 | Bellevue, NE (64.67) | ||
| 97 | Peoria, AZ (64.18) | 97 | Plymouth, MN (64.67) | ||
| 98 | Arlington, VA (64.17) | 98 | Central Falls, RI (64.64) | ||
| 99 | Wilmington, NC (64.07) | 99 | Decatur, AL (64.63) | ||
| 100 | Everett, WA (64.06) | 100 | Shawnee, KS (64.60) | ||
| 101 | Westminster, CO (64.01) | 101 | Horn Lake, MS (64.59) | ||
| 102 | Athens, GA (63.99) | 102 | Dover, DE (64.44) | ||
| 103 | Shreveport, LA (63.89) | 103 | Union City, NJ (64.43) | ||
| 104 | Thornton, CO (63.88) | 104 | Southaven, MS (64.43) | ||
| 105 | Sioux Falls, SD (63.81) | 105 | Ogden, UT (64.40) | ||
| 106 | Gilbert, AZ (63.78) | 106 | Alexandria, LA (64.40) | ||
| 107 | Lansing, MI (63.72) | 107 | Sitka and, AK (64.39) | ||
| 108 | Lincoln, NE (63.69) | 108 | Fairbanks, AK (64.38) | ||
| 109 | Norman, OK (63.66) | 109 | Olive Branch, MS (64.36) | ||
| 110 | Surprise, AZ (63.58) | 110 | Waukesha, WI (64.34) | ||
| 111 | Murfreesboro, TN (63.57) | 111 | Taylorsville, UT (64.30) | ||
| 112 | Knoxville, TN (63.56) | 112 | Columbus, NE (64.30) | ||
| 113 | Manchester, NH (63.56) | 113 | Jackson, TN (64.29) | ||
| 114 | Cape Coral, FL (63.51) | 114 | Pierre, SD (64.29) | ||
| 115 | Fort Collins, CO (63.38) | 115 | Bowling Green, KY (64.21) | ||
| 116 | Sterling Heights, MI (63.36) | 116 | Norfolk, NE (64.17) | ||
| 117 | Independence, MO (63.35) | 117 | Wilmington, DE (64.17) | ||
| 118 | Fargo, ND (63.34) | 118 | Sparks, NV (64.15) | ||
| 119 | Davenport, IA (63.33) | 119 | Bristol, CT (64.14) | ||
| 120 | Port St. Lucie, FL (63.31) | 120 | Pike Creek Valley, DE (64.11) | ||
| 121 | Boise, ID (63.17) | 121 | Waterloo, IA (64.08) | ||
| 122 | Birmingham, AL (62.83) | 122 | Tupelo, MS (63.97) | ||
| 123 | Akron, OH (62.79) | 123 | Dearborn, MI (63.95) | ||
| 124 | Scottsdale, AZ (62.77) | 124 | Rock Springs, WY (63.92) | ||
| 125 | Dayton, OH (62.77) | 125 | Tuscaloosa, AL (63.92) | ||
| 126 | West Jordan, UT (62.65) | 126 | Lorain, OH (63.91) | ||
| 127 | Toledo, OH (62.54) | 127 | Williston, ND (63.89) | ||
| 128 | Cedar Rapids, IA (62.48) | 128 | Newport, RI (63.81) | ||
| 129 | Warren, MI (62.46) | 129 | Newark, DE (63.80) | ||
| 130 | Vancouver, WA (62.42) | 130 | Fayetteville, AR (63.78) | ||
| 131 | Columbia, MO (62.15) | 131 | Bentonville, AR (63.77) | ||
| 132 | Ann Arbor, MI (61.78) | 132 | Twin Falls, ID (63.73) | ||
| 133 | Jackson, MS (61.50) | 133 | East Providence, RI (63.70) | ||
| 134 | Evansville, IN (61.32) | 134 | Scranton, PA (63.67) | ||
| 135 | Centennial, CO (61.04) | 135 | Appleton, WI (63.53) | ||
| 136 | Spokane, WA (60.99) | 136 | Dothan, AL (63.44) | ||
| 137 | Arvada, CO (60.91) | 137 | Mount Pleasant, SC (63.44) | ||
| 138 | Billings, MT (60.70) | 138 | Minot, ND (63.36) | ||
| 139 | Springfield, MO (59.82) | 139 | Aberdeen, SD (63.34) | ||
| 140 | Eugene, OR (59.53) | 140 | Juneau, AK (63.27) | ||
| 141 | Laredo, TX (58.87) | 141 | Elizabethtown, KY (63.26) | ||
| 142 | Hialeah, FL (56.96) | 142 | Green River, WY (63.22) | ||
| 143 | Provo, UT (54.35) | 143 | College, AK (63.21) | ||
| 144 | Nampa, ID (63.19) | ||||
| 145 | Fall River, MA (63.17) | ||||
| 146 | West Des Moines, IA (63.07) | ||||
| 147 | Erie, PA (62.99) | ||||
| 148 | Cheyenne, WY (62.99) | ||||
| 149 | Kenosha, WI (62.99) | ||||
| 150 | Salina, KS (62.98) | ||||
| 151 | Hopkinsville, KY (62.97) | ||||
| 152 | St. Cloud, MN (62.92) | ||||
| 153 | Auburn, AL (62.91) | ||||
| 154 | St. Charles, MO (62.84) | ||||
| 155 | Bismarck, ND (62.81) | ||||
| 156 | Hastings, NE (62.78) | ||||
| 157 | Jonesboro, AR (62.75) | ||||
| 158 | Cicero, IL (62.74) | ||||
| 159 | Youngstown, OH (62.71) | ||||
| 160 | Lee's Summit, MO (62.67) | ||||
| 161 | Kearney, NE (62.61) | ||||
| 162 | Moore, OK (62.57) | ||||
| 163 | Hattiesburg, MS (62.56) | ||||
| 164 | Maple Grove, MN (62.55) | ||||
| 165 | Conway, AR (62.51) | ||||
| 166 | Greenville, NC (62.48) | ||||
| 167 | Ames, IA (62.47) | ||||
| 168 | Toms River, NJ (62.47) | ||||
| 169 | Carson City, NV (62.45) | ||||
| 170 | Valley Falls, RI (62.42) | ||||
| 171 | Meridian, MS (62.41) | ||||
| 172 | Hilton Head Island, SC (62.38) | ||||
| 173 | Grand Forks, ND (62.36) | ||||
| 174 | Florence, KY (62.27) | ||||
| 175 | Idaho Falls, ID (62.25) | ||||
| 176 | Westland, MI (62.17) | ||||
| 177 | Fremont, NE (62.15) | ||||
| 178 | Winooski, VT (62.13) | ||||
| 179 | Albany, GA (62.09) | ||||
| 180 | Yankton, SD (62.07) | ||||
| 181 | Wahpeton, ND (62.03) | ||||
| 182 | Rapid City, SD (61.88) | ||||
| 183 | Dickinson, ND (61.87) | ||||
| 184 | Jackson, WY (61.81) | ||||
| 185 | Evanston, WY (61.78) | ||||
| 186 | Monroe, LA (61.68) | ||||
| 187 | Parma, OH (61.67) | ||||
| 188 | Brookings, SD (61.66) | ||||
| 189 | Iowa City, IA (61.61) | ||||
| 190 | Pocatello, ID (61.57) | ||||
| 191 | Mitchell, SD (61.56) | ||||
| 192 | Stillwater, OK (61.50) | ||||
| 193 | Covington, KY (61.46) | ||||
| 194 | West Fargo, ND (61.44) | ||||
| 195 | Essex Junction, VT (61.40) | ||||
| 196 | North Platte, NE (61.34) | ||||
| 197 | St. Peters, MO (61.33) | ||||
| 198 | Owensboro, KY (61.32) | ||||
| 199 | Manhattan, KS (61.31) | ||||
| 200 | Fishers, IN (61.28) | ||||
| 201 | O'Fallon, MO (61.23) | ||||
| 202 | St. Joseph, MO (61.17) | ||||
| 203 | Carmel, IN (61.16) | ||||
| 204 | Johnson City, TN (61.16) | ||||
| 205 | Eau Claire, WI (61.12) | ||||
| 206 | Cheektowaga, NY (61.09) | ||||
| 207 | South Burlington, VT (61.06) | ||||
| 208 | Riverton, WY (61.03) | ||||
| 209 | Burlington, VT (60.94) | ||||
| 210 | Meridian, ID (60.92) | ||||
| 211 | Lawrence, KS (60.91) | ||||
| 212 | Casper, WY (60.86) | ||||
| 213 | Gary, IN (60.85) | ||||
| 214 | Portsmouth, NH (60.83) | ||||
| 215 | Pine Bluff, AR (60.81) | ||||
| 216 | Sandy, UT (60.80) | ||||
| 217 | Watertown, SD (60.79) | ||||
| 218 | Sheridan, WY (60.73) | ||||
| 219 | Hockessin, DE (60.71) | ||||
| 220 | Canton, OH (60.71) | ||||
| 221 | Charleston, WV (60.68) | ||||
| 222 | Laramie, WY (60.67) | ||||
| 223 | Wasilla, AK (60.64) | ||||
| 224 | Mandan, ND (60.62) | ||||
| 225 | Council Bluffs, IA (60.54) | ||||
| 226 | Medford, OR (60.52) | ||||
| 227 | Warwick, RI (60.46) | ||||
| 228 | Martinsburg, WV (60.45) | ||||
| 229 | Jamestown, ND (60.45) | ||||
| 230 | Greenville, MS (60.38) | ||||
| 231 | Coeur d'Alene, ID (60.37) | ||||
| 232 | Wheeling, WV (60.37) | ||||
| 233 | Westerly, RI (60.26) | ||||
| 234 | Helena, MT (60.22) | ||||
| 235 | Livonia, MI (60.22) | ||||
| 236 | Lafayette, IN (60.04) | ||||
| 237 | Portland, ME (60.01) | ||||
| 238 | Janesville, WI (59.98) | ||||
| 239 | Oshkosh, WI (59.90) | ||||
| 240 | Georgetown, KY (59.89) | ||||
| 241 | Duluth, MN (59.82) | ||||
| 242 | Corvallis, OR (59.81) | ||||
| 243 | Gillette, WY (59.81) | ||||
| 244 | Tanaina, AK (59.73) | ||||
| 245 | Levittown, PA (59.72) | ||||
| 246 | Clarksburg, WV (59.60) | ||||
| 247 | Great Falls, MT (59.59) | ||||
| 248 | Concord, NH (59.53) | ||||
| 249 | Weirton, WV (59.51) | ||||
| 250 | Knik-Fairview, AK (59.49) | ||||
| 251 | Miles City, MT (59.48) | ||||
| 252 | Badger, AK (59.42) | ||||
| 253 | Post Falls, ID (59.39) | ||||
| 254 | Dubuque, IA (59.38) | ||||
| 255 | Havre, MT (59.32) | ||||
| 256 | Fairmont, WV (59.30) | ||||
| 257 | St. George, UT (59.12) | ||||
| 258 | Spearfish, SD (59.11) | ||||
| 259 | Flint, MI (59.07) | ||||
| 260 | Lakes, AK (59.02) | ||||
| 261 | Beckley, WV (58.97) | ||||
| 262 | Bozeman, MT (58.68) | ||||
| 263 | Lewiston, ME (58.66) | ||||
| 264 | Biddeford, ME (58.64) | ||||
| 265 | Dover, NH (58.61) | ||||
| 266 | Bloomington, IN (58.56) | ||||
| 267 | Bend, OR (58.52) | ||||
| 268 | Montpelier, VT (58.47) | ||||
| 269 | Butte-Silver Bow, MT (58.42) | ||||
| 270 | Anaconda, MT (58.37) | ||||
| 271 | Layton, UT (57.99) | ||||
| 272 | Springfield, OR (57.95) | ||||
| 273 | Derry, NH (57.92) | ||||
| 274 | Auburn, ME (57.91) | ||||
| 275 | Richmond, KY (57.87) | ||||
| 276 | Missoula, MT (57.77) | ||||
| 277 | South Portland, ME (57.60) | ||||
| 278 | Rutland, VT (57.58) | ||||
| 279 | Middlebury, VT (57.53) | ||||
| 280 | Saco, ME (57.52) | ||||
| 281 | Laconia, NH (57.19) | ||||
| 282 | Lebanon, NH (57.18) | ||||
| 283 | Parkersburg, WV (57.12) | ||||
| 284 | Bennington, VT (57.12) | ||||
| 285 | Augusta, ME (56.90) | ||||
| 286 | Sanford, ME (56.85) | ||||
| 287 | Brattleboro, VT (56.84) | ||||
| 288 | Huntington, WV (56.82) | ||||
| 289 | Morgantown, WV (56.76) | ||||
| 290 | Westbrook, ME (56.65) | ||||
| 291 | Lewiston, ID (56.56) | ||||
| 292 | Kalispell, MT (56.34) | ||||
| 293 | Barre, VT (56.04) | ||||
| 294 | Keene, NH (55.93) | ||||
| 295 | Rochester, NH (55.92) | ||||
| 296 | Orem, UT (55.51) | ||||
| 297 | Bangor, ME (54.56) |
Many local economies use their diverse demographics to their advantage, mirroring the country’s economic success as a whole. But diversity also has its drawbacks. For insight into the advantages and disadvantages of diversity as well as advice on how to channel different demographic characteristics toward economic growth, we asked a panel of experts to share their thoughts on the following key questions:
- What are the pros and cons of living and working in a diverse city?
- Is there a relationship between diversity and economic growth in cities?
- What can local policy makers do to harness the diversity in their cities to spur innovation?
- Which types of diversity are good or bad for cities?
Hilary Green Assistant Professor of History in the Department of Gender and Race Studies at the University of Alabama
Sheri L. Parks Vice President for Strategic Initiatives at Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in Baltimore
Chiquita Howard-Bostic Chair of the Department of Sociology and Geography and Associate Professor of Sociology at Shepherd University
Nadia Y. Kim Professor Sociology at Loyola Marymount University and author of award-winning Imperial Citizens: Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA
Willow Lung-Amam Assistant Professor, Urban Studies and Planning Program, Director of Community Development, National Center for Smart Growth Research & Education, School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, University of Maryland
Hilary Green Assistant Professor of History in the Department of Gender and Race Studies at the University of Alabama
Sheri L. Parks Vice President for Strategic Initiatives at Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in Baltimore
Chiquita Howard-Bostic Chair of the Department of Sociology and Geography and Associate Professor of Sociology at Shepherd University
Nadia Y. Kim Professor Sociology at Loyola Marymount University and author of award-winning Imperial Citizens: Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA
Willow Lung-Amam Assistant Professor, Urban Studies and Planning Program, Director of Community Development, National Center for Smart Growth Research & Education, School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, University of MarylandIn order to determine the most diverse cities in America, WalletHub compared 501 of the most populated cities — limiting each state to no more than 10 cities each — across five key dimensions: 1) Socioeconomic Diversity, 2) Cultural Diversity, 3) Economic Diversity, 4) Household Diversity and 5) Religious Diversity.
We conducted our analysis using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index method, which is a commonly accepted measure of market concentration that also works effectively as a general-purpose measure of diversity (e.g., race/ethnicity, occupations, languages, nationalities).
Our sample considers only the city proper in each case and excludes cities in the surrounding metro area. Each city was categorized according to the following population-size guidelines:
- Large cities: More than 300,000 residents
- Midsize cities: 100,000 to 300,000 residents
- Small cities: Fewer than 100,000 residents
We then evaluated the five dimensions using 13 relevant metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights and subcomponents. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the most diversity.
Lastly, we determined each city’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order our sample.
- Socioeconomic Diversity - Total Points: 20
- Household-Income Diversity: Weight = Double Weight (~13.30 Points)
- $34,999 or Less
- $35,000 - $49,999
- $50,000 - $74,999
- $75,000 - $99,999
- $100,000 - $149,999
- $150,000 or more
- Educational-Attainment Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~6.70 Points)
- Without a high school diploma
- High school diploma and perhaps some college experience or an associate’s degree
- Bachelor’s degree
- Graduate or professional degree
- Household-Income Diversity: Weight = Double Weight (~13.30 Points)
- Cultural Diversity - Total Points: 20
- Racial & Ethnic Diversity: Weight = Triple Weight (~10.00 Points)
- Hispanic or Latino
- White (not Hispanic or Latino)
- Black or African American (not Hispanic or Latino)
- Asian (not Hispanic or Latino)
- All others (American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, some other race alone, two or more races and not Hispanic or Latino)
- Linguistic Diversity: Weight = Double Weight (~6.70 Points)
- English
- Spanish
- Other Indo-European languages
- Asian and Pacific-Islander languages
- Other languages
- Birthplace Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~3.30 Points)
- In State of Residence
- Northeast Region
- Midwest Region
- South Region
- West Region
- U.S. Territory & Abroad (if born to American parent(s))
- Foreign Nation
- Racial & Ethnic Diversity: Weight = Triple Weight (~10.00 Points)
- Economic Diversity - Total Points: 20
- Industry Diversity: Weight = Triple Weight (~12.00 Points)Note: Considers the civilian employed population aged 16 and older
- Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining
- Construction
- Manufacturing
- Wholesale Trade
- Retail Trade
- Transportation and Warehousing, and Utilities
- Information
- Finance and Insurance, and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
- Professional, Scientific, and Management, and Administrative and Waste-Management Services
- Educational Services, and Health Care and Social Assistance
- Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation, and Accommodation and Food Services
- Other Services (excluding Public Administration)
- Public Administration
- Occupational Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~4.00 Points)Note: Considers the civilian employed population aged 16 and older
- Management, Business, Science, and Arts Occupations
- Service Occupations
- Sales and Office Occupations
- Natural-Resources, Construction, and Maintenance Occupations
- Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations
- Worker-Class Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~4.00 Points)Note: Considers the civilian employed population aged 16 and older
- Private Wage and Salary Workers
- Government Workers
- Self-Employed Workers (operating their own, unincorporated businesses)Note: Includes “people who worked for profit or fees in their own unincorporated business, professional practice, or trade or who operated a farm,” according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
- Unpaid Family Workers
- Industry Diversity: Weight = Triple Weight (~12.00 Points)Note: Considers the civilian employed population aged 16 and older
- Household Diversity - Total Points: 20
- Marital-Status Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
- Never Married
- Married (excluding separated)
- Divorced
- Separated
- Widowed
- Age Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
- Aged 19 and younger
- Aged 20-24
- Aged 25-34
- Aged 35-44
- Aged 45-54
- Aged 55-64
- Aged 65 and older
- Household-Type Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
- Family households with married couples
- Male-headed family households (no spouse present)
- Female-headed family households (no spouse present)
- Nonfamily households
- Household Size Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
- Two-person family households
- Three-person family households
- Four-person family households
- Five-person family households
- Six-person family households
- Seven-person or more family households
- One-person nonfamily households
- Two-person nonfamily households
- Three-person nonfamily households
- Four-person nonfamily households
- Five-person nonfamily households
- Six-person nonfamily households
- Seven-person or more nonfamily households
- Marital-Status Diversity: Weight = Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
- Religious Diversity - Total Points: 20
- Evangelical Protestant
- Mainline Protestant
- Black Protestant
- Catholic
- Orthodox Christian
- Jewish
- Muslim
- Buddhist
- Hindu
- Unaffiliated
- Other Religions
Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau and ARDA.
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