Posted by: Adam McCann

Many Americans view hard work as the path to achieving the American Dream. We work so hard, in fact, that we put in more hours at our jobs than several other industrialized countries such as Germany, Japan and the U.K.

But some U.S. cities represent the strong work ethic that helped to build the world’s biggest economy better than others. In order to determine which cities outwork the rest of America, WalletHub compared the 116 largest cities across nine key metrics. Our data set ranges from employment rate to average weekly work hours to share of workers with multiple jobs. Read on for our findings, expert insight from a panel of researchers and a full description of our methodology.

1. Main Findings
2. Employment Rate Over Time
3. Ask the Experts
4. Methodology

Main Findings

  Embed on your website<iframe src="//d2e70e9yced57e.cloudfront.net/wallethub/embed/10424/geochart-hardwork1.html" width="556" height="347" frameBorder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> <div style="width:556px;font-size:12px;color:#888;">Source: <a href="https://ift.tt/2sRqdZa>  

Hardest-Working Cities in the U.S.

Overall Rank*	City	Total Score	‘Direct Work Factors’ Rank	‘Indirect Work Factors’ Rank
1	San Francisco, CA	78.52	2	31
2	Fremont, CA	78.28	1	55
3	Jersey City, NJ	74.14	3	11
4	Washington, DC	74.06	7	2
5	New York, NY	71.88	5	35
6	Oakland, CA	70.56	4	68
7	Boston, MA	68.64	6	74
8	Aurora, CO	68.56	9	32
9	Newark, NJ	67.02	11	23
10	Chicago, IL	65.20	12	65
11	San Jose, CA	65.13	13	48
12	Los Angeles, CA	64.99	8	104
13	Garland, TX	64.94	14	45
14	Philadelphia, PA	64.32	15	50
15	Baltimore, MD	63.71	17	59
16	Long Beach, CA	63.46	10	101
17	Plano, TX	61.68	21	20
18	Arlington, TX	61.54	19	43
19	Denver, CO	61.44	22	19
20	Fort Worth, TX	61.43	20	34
21	Anaheim, CA	61.19	16	105
22	Riverside, CA	60.90	18	78
23	Dallas, TX	60.82	24	28
24	Gilbert, AZ	60.36	25	29
25	Chula Vista, CA	60.34	27	22
26	Austin, TX	59.63	26	56
27	Seattle, WA	59.00	30	41
28	Chesapeake, VA	58.32	32	53
29	Portland, OR	58.05	33	42
30	Irvine, CA	57.85	23	94
31	Nashville, TN	57.44	29	73
32	Glendale, AZ	57.36	35	47
33	Houston, TX	57.08	28	86
34	Irving, TX	56.67	38	20
35	San Antonio, TX	56.07	36	61
36	Manchester, NH	55.95	45	14
37	St. Paul, MN	55.80	42	18
38	Tampa, FL	55.78	40	40
39	St. Petersburg, FL	55.68	39	46
40	Minneapolis, MN	55.24	47	15
41	Miami, FL	54.55	31	107
42	Honolulu, HI	54.26	37	80
43	Virginia Beach, VA	54.26	49	24
44	Santa Ana, CA	53.97	34	106
45	San Diego, CA	53.74	57	16
46	Phoenix, AZ	53.52	52	39
47	Orlando, FL	52.88	41	97
48	Mesa, AZ	52.70	54	52
49	San Bernardino, CA	52.57	44	81
50	Jacksonville, FL	52.18	46	93
51	Chandler, AZ	52.08	59	29
52	Sacramento, CA	51.42	50	90
53	Salt Lake City, UT	51.20	78	4
54	Stockton, CA	51.05	53	90
55	Bridgeport, CT	50.92	56	85
56	Oklahoma City, OK	50.64	63	26
57	Atlanta, GA	50.39	51	96
58	Portland, ME	50.25	84	3
59	Colorado Springs, CO	49.86	67	25
60	Louisville, KY	49.83	55	98
61	Scottsdale, AZ	49.61	69	17
62	St. Louis, MO	49.50	65	49
63	Charlotte, NC	49.27	61	75
64	Omaha, NE	49.13	82	5
65	Indianapolis, IN	49.07	60	82
66	North Las Vegas, NV	48.62	43	115
67	El Paso, TX	48.56	66	63
68	New Orleans, LA	48.44	64	79
69	Las Vegas, NV	47.94	48	114
70	Norfolk, VA	47.72	75	33
71	Columbus, OH	47.06	74	51
72	Raleigh, NC	47.01	72	60
73	Hialeah, FL	46.70	58	110
74	Durham, NC	46.67	76	57
75	Lexington-Fayette, KY	46.60	68	89
76	Wilmington, DE	46.49	79	44
77	Milwaukee, WI	46.29	86	13
78	Cincinnati, OH	46.12	70	88
79	Baton Rouge, LA	45.36	71	100
80	Laredo, TX	45.35	80	63
81	Kansas City, MO	45.20	85	37
82	Henderson, NV	45.05	62	113
83	Pittsburgh, PA	44.72	81	67
84	Tucson, AZ	44.71	73	103
85	Cleveland, OH	44.71	77	83
86	Des Moines, IA	43.53	96	6
87	Anchorage, AK	43.40	108	1
88	Fort Wayne, IN	41.95	90	72
89	Lincoln, NE	41.81	102	10
90	Boise, ID	41.78	91	69
91	Birmingham, AL	41.59	89	92
92	Albuquerque, NM	41.40	94	54
93	Memphis, TN	41.33	88	99
94	Corpus Christi, TX	40.75	98	36
95	Tulsa, OK	40.45	100	38
96	Burlington, VT	40.39	97	62
97	Billings, MT	40.34	106	9
98	Sioux Falls, SD	40.27	109	7
99	Winston-Salem, NC	40.17	95	76
100	Little Rock, AR	40.10	93	87
101	Detroit, MI	39.71	87	108
102	Jackson, MS	39.26	92	102
103	Wichita, KS	39.10	107	12
104	Madison, WI	39.08	104	58
105	Providence, RI	38.86	83	116
106	Greensboro, NC	38.82	99	77
107	Toledo, OH	37.43	105	71
108	Fargo, ND	36.50	112	27
109	Reno, NV	35.74	101	111
110	Buffalo, NY	35.47	103	109
111	Bakersfield, CA	34.65	111	70
112	Lubbock, TX	34.39	110	84
113	Fresno, CA	30.66	113	95
114	Cheyenne, WY	30.19	116	8
115	Charleston, WV	27.81	115	66
116	Columbia, SC	25.72	114	112

*1=Hardest Working

 

Employment Rate Over Time

 

Embed on your website<a href="https://ift.tt/21DYaah"> <img src="//d2e70e9yced57e.cloudfront.net/wallethub/posts/47345/rankings-2009-2016-employment-rate_-51-cities.gif" width="" height="" alt="" /> </a> <div style="width:px;font-size:12px;color:#888;">Source: <a href="https://ift.tt/2sRqdZa>

   

Ask the Experts

The American work structure contrasts with that of other countries. For additional insight, we asked a panel of experts to weigh in with their thoughts on the following key questions:

1. Research shows that Americans work 25% more hours than their counterparts in Europe. Why do Americans work so much more, and is it worth it?
2. Does working more hours always translate into higher productivity? Does this vary by industry or job type?
3. What is the ideal numbers of hours to work per week?
4. What policies should governments and firms adopt to improve the quality of life of American workers?

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• James P. DeNicco Ph.D. – Lecturer/Director of the Principles of Economics Program, Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, Rice University
• Jamin D. Speer Ph.D. – Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, George Johnson Fellow, Fogelman College of Business & Economics, The University of Memphis
• Ralph Sonenshine Assistant Professor & MA Program Director, Department of Economics, American University
• Jeffrey M. Stanton Ph.D. – Professor of Information Studies, Syracuse University
• Lisa M. Kath Ph.D. – Associate Professor, Psychology, San Diego State University
• Carrie A. Bulger Ph.D. – Professor, Department of Psychology, Quinnipiac University

More Experts

Methodology

In order to determine where the hardest-working Americans live, WalletHub compared 116 of the most populated cities across two key dimensions, “Direct Work Factors” and “Indirect Work Factors.”

We evaluated those dimensions using nine key metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the “hardest-working.” Data for metrics marked with an asterisk (*) were available only at the state level.

We then determined each city’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its total score and used the resulting scores to rank-order our sample.

For our sample, we ensured that at least one city from each of the 50 states was represented. Each city refers to city proper and excludes the surrounding metro area.

Direct Work Factors – Total Points: 80

• Average Workweek Hours: Triple Weight (~43.64 Points)
• Employment Rate: Full Weight (~14.55 Points)Note: This metric was calculated as follows: Civilian Population Aged 16 Years and Over Employed / Total Civilian Population Aged 16 Years and Over in Labor Force.
• Share of Workers Leaving Vacation Time Unused: Half Weight (~7.27 Points)
• Share of Engaged Workers*: Half Weight (~7.27 Points)Note: This metric measures the share of employees who are “involved in, enthusiastic about and committed to their work and workplace,” as defined by Gallup.
• Idle Youth (16-24) Rate: Half Weight (~7.27 Points)Note: This metric measures the rate of residents ages 16-24 who are neither in school nor working.

Indirect Work Factors – Total Points: 20

• Average Commute Time: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
• Share of Workers with Multiple Jobs*: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)Note: This metric was calculated as a percentage of total employment.
• Annual Volunteer Hours per Resident: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
• Average Leisure Time Spent per Day*: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)

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Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Travel Association, Gallup, Social Science Research Council and Corporation for National & Community Service.

Image: wavebreakmedia / Shutterstock.com

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